Serum urea concentration as a predictor of dietary lysine requirement
in selected lines of pigs
Journal of Animal Science (accepted)
Serum urea concentrations were measured in Large White pigs from lines divergently
selected for components of efficient lean growth rate and performance tested over three
14 day test periods starting at 30, 50 and 75 kg. Two methods of performance testing were
used. Phase-fed pigs were fed to appetite isoenergetic diets differing in total lysine:
energy (0.58, 0.69, 0.81, 0.91, 1.01, 1.12 and 1.23 g/MJ DE), whereas diet-choice pigs
were offered a choice of the 0.69 and 1.12 lysine: energy diets. Between-test periods, all
animals were fed one diet: 0.91 g lysine/MJ DE. The study consisted of 230 boars and
gilts with 150 pigs performance tested on phase-feeding and 80 pigs on diet-choice. The
line selected for high lean food conversion had lower urea concentrations on each diet
than the line selected for high lean growth rate, despite similar predicted lysine balances.
Efficiency of lean growth rather than rate of lean growth may be a better selection
strategy in the context of nitrogen excretion. Urea concentrations at the end of each test
period were correlated with lysine intake (0.33, 0.48 and 0.65, SE 0.08) and predicted
lysine balance (0.39, 0.44 and 0.64), but were uncorrelated with predicted lysine for
protein deposition (0.01, 0.08 and 0.08) and maintenance. Urea concentration at the end
of a test period was not a useful predictor of protein deposition, even after accounting for
pre-test variation in urea concentration and food intake during test. The expected
response pattern of serum urea concentration to diets differing in total lysine: energy
would be non-linear with the point of inflection occurring at the required dietary total
lysine: energy for each genotype. However, there was no evidence of such an inflection
point such that prediction of lysine requirement from urea concentration was not possible
for the selection lines in the study.